The present paper aimed at evaluating nutritional value and fatty acid profile of muscle textures of the Caspian Sea wild carp, farmed wild carp and farmed carp. No significant differences were found between chemical composition indices (total lipid, crude protein, moisture) (p>0.05). However, ash contant was significantly higher in wild carp compared with farmed wild carp. There were not significantly differences of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, w-3, w-6, EPA+DHA, w-3/w-6 and PUFA/SFA between farmed wild carp and farmed carp. But following determination of fatty acid profiles in the Caspian Sea wild carp and farmed wild carp, fatty acid compositions in three groups of fish were found to be significantly different in terms of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, w-3, EPA+DHA, w-3/w-6 and PUFA/SFA. PUFA, w-3, w-6, EPA+DHA, w-3/w-6 and PUFA/SFA were significantly higher in the Caspian Sea wild carp. Considering exceeding PUFA/SFA and w-3/w-6 ratios in Caspian Sea wild carp, farmed wild carp and farmed carp, all fishes were considered invaluable fisheries and nutritional resources. It is noteworthy that Caspian Sea wild carp is more nutritious than farmed counterparts thank to its higher rates of PUFA, w-3, EPA+DHA, w-3/w-6 and PUFA/SFA.

Introduction: The "Tata" is a type of common carp bred in Hungary, whose eyed eggs are introduced to Iran a few years ago to address the challenges faced by warm water fish farmers due to a lack of access to quality broodstock and modified fry with rapid growth rates. This study aims to evaluate the advantages of the Tata strain compared to the farmed common carp in Guilan Province by comparing the propagation indices and growth performance of their juveniles Materials and Methods: Both breeds were propagated through a single injection of the Ovulin hormone. Following a 60-day rearing period, fish with an average initial weight of 21 gr were kept in fiberglass tanks. Results and Discussion: percentage, measuring 1.53 ± 0.05 mm and 97.50 ± 0.76%, respectively (p<0.05). Additionally, the average hatch percentage for the Tata breed was 98.00 ± 0.58%, which is 13% higher than that of the farmed breed. The average weight of one-day-old Tata larvae was 2.54 ± 0.03 mg, significantly greater than the average weight of one-day-old larvae of the farmed breed, which was 1.68 ± 0.04 mg (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in sperm motility and lifespan between the two breeds, although the spermatocrit of the Tata breed was notably lower than that of the farmed breed. In terms of growth performance, the study found that, under equal rearing conditions, the Tata breed demonstrated significantly higher average final weight and total length, percentage of Weight Gain and Length Gain, specific growth factor, average daily growth, and feed efficiency, while exhibiting a lower food conversion factor compared to the farmed breed (p<0.05). Conclusion: The most significant advantages of the Tata breed identified in this study include higher quality eggs, a greater percentage of embryo survival and hatching rates, and superior growth performance compared to the farmed breed. Therefore, the Tata breed could be a suitable candidate for selection and breeding in future genetic improvement programs.

This study was conducted to compare the morphological characteristics of wild and farmed common carp. In total 70 samples of common carp, including 25 samples of wild from Torkaman port and 45 samples of farmed common carp from Silver carp center in Gilan province were collected. Morphometric results were standardized using Elliott formula, and then principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) were used. Independent t-test was used to evaluate the significance of traits between these two populations. The results of this study revealed that the two populations of wild and farmed common craps were completely separated from each other, using PCA and individuals were assigned to their true population with high accuracy (98%) based on DFA. Among the 33 truss distances that were analyzed, 16 distances showed a significant difference between two populations (p<0. 05). The results showed that the studied populations can be distinguished by many morphological differences, especially by dorsal fin length, pectoral fin length, pelvic fin length, anal fin length, dorsal fin width, body width, tail stem width, distance between pectoral and pelvic fin, distance from mouth to dorsal fin and the distance from the mouth to the anal fin. Overall, the results showed that the population of wild carp was significantly different from the population of farmed common carp from the morphological point of view.

In this research, gonadosomatic index (GSI), growth pattern, condition factor (CF), and length-weight regression relationship (LWR) in farmed and wild Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. In order to establish baseline for research, 85 wild and farmed common carp were prepared during the different season of the year (averagely 10 farmed and 10 wild fish per each season). The results showed that the CF in farmed Common carp was higher than wild carp. GSI didn't show any significant differences between wild and farmed Common carp (P>0.05). The seasonal variation of GSI had significant differences between 2 groups (P<0.05). Correlation index or LWR in wild carp (W=3.391 L0.78) was higher than farmed carp (W=2.679 L0.7) (P<0.05). The line slope of farmed and wild carp were ln W=2.68 ln L-3.738 and ln W=3.391 ln L -5.65, respectively. In this study, growth estimates of wild and farmed common carp showed an Isometric pattern. The increasing trend of wild and farmed carp's GSI during summer to spring was according to spawning period of this fish.

Background and Objective: Chopped and washed fish meat (surimi) is used to produce ready-to-eat products. We can make products with better textural properties through various setting methods such as changing pH, and applying different heating time and temperature. In the present research, farmed carp surimi was heated in medium temperature at different setting times. The purpose is determining the effect of increasing the heating time during setting in medium temperature on the properties of surimi gels.Materials and Methods: Experiments were conducted on suwari gels (salty set surimi) and also kamaboko gels (cooked suwari). The gels were heated at 25oC for 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 hours for setting. The set suwari gels were immediately cooled down for one hour in ice and water, while kamaboko gals were cooked at 90oC for 20 minutes before cooling. The Experiments carried out included water holding capacity, protein solubility, soluble peptides, gel electrophorasis, puncture test, and colorimetriy.Results: The rate of protein solubility, L* and whiteness values decreased in both the suwari and kamaboko gels by increasing of the setting time to 25ºC. The rate of water holding capacity and soluble peptides in TCA revealed no significant difference. Electrophoresis gel pattern showed that the increase of setting time led to the decrease of the molecule weight of myosin and actin.Conclusion: Two-step heating of surimi gel and increasing of the setting time to 8 hours in medium temperature are recommended to improve the gelling characteristics of farmed carp surimi, and increase the texture quality of its products.

Freshwater aquaculture especially hydrothermal fish is increased in recent years. In Chinese carp aquaculture, common carp (CyprinusCarpio) comprises the 15-20 percent of the aquaculture system. Foods obtained from farmed carps could be turn into value-added and ready to eat products such as sausages, salami, burgers and etc. Surimi is one of the intermediate products to make ready to eat foods. Texture properties of surimi products depend mainly on its gelation ability. Through basic preparation of fish paste (setting) for last cooking it would be possible to produce stronger gels. In this research the effect of high and low temperature setting on gelation characteristics of farmed common carp surimi was investigated. For this end, control, kamaboko and suwari treatments were considered. Suwari and kamaboko gels were located at 35°C for 1 hour followed by storage at 4 °C for 12 hours. After setting the suwari gels were cooled, however kamaboko gels were cooked prior to cooling. All samples were examined for water holding capacity, protein solubility, soluble peptides, gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE), puncture test and color evaluation. According to the results the lowest rate of whiteness and L* indices were observed in control group. Set gels at 35 °C demonstrated the highest strength, water holding capacity and soluble peptides in TCA and also had the lowest protein solubility and molecule weight of myosin. The results showed that set gels in high temperature results in better physicochemical properties than the gels set at low temperature.

Aeromonas are an example of emerging bacterial pathogens. Even though they have been recognized as primary fish and human pathogens. Aeromonas hydrophila are opportunistic pathogens that are at the same time infectious and enterotoxigenic and multiple antibiotic resistances (MAR) among Aeromonas hydrophila strains has been reported from many parts of the world. Under these circumstances, it will be worthwhile to find out the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of the Aeromonas hydrophila strains. The one hundred pieces of fish samples were collected from 4 common carp training pool in Khuzestan province. The part of intestine was collected in sterile plate and was homogenized. The samples were cultured in blood agar and incubated in 37centigrade degree temperature. Three to five Aeomonas hydrophila suspected colony, were selected from any plate and purified in blood agar. After initial evaluation of each colony by catalase, oxidase and gram staining, suspected strains DNA was extracted by boiling. Aeromonas hydrophila strains were confirmed by PCR assay and using of genus and species specific primers. Finally, multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) of confirmed Aeromonas hydrophila isolates was evaluated by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Twenty Aeromonas hydrophila strains of Aeromonas suspected colonies were confirmed by PCR assay and the most of isolates had a multiple resistance. The least and the most resistance was observed regarding to cefotaxim and ciprofloxacin (<25%), vancomycin and clindamycin (90%), respectively. Compared with results of other studies, antibiotic resistance pattern of these bacterial strains is variable in different geographical areas; therefore resistant pattern of each group of bacteria must be determined in each area.

This study aims to elucidate the toxic impact of zinc on hematological indices of the farmed Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). In this study, after adaptation 135 fish specimens with the length of 13±1 cm and the weight of 50±10 gr were put in one control treatment and 2 experimental treatments contained of 5 and 10 mg/L (Zn (no) 3)2 in 90 liter aquariums. Blood samples were taken from the caudal vein after 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Results showed that, hematocrite (Hct), hemoglobin levels (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) increased significantly (p<0.05). The number of White Blood Cell (WBC) on 5 mg/L and 10 mg/lit treatments until 72 hours decreased significantly but after 96 hours it increased significantly (P<0.05). The number of Red Blood Cells (RBC) decreased significantly until 96 hours (P<0.05). According to the results, blood parameters were sensitive factors in monitoring the toxicity and the stress caused by zinc particularly in acute concentrations.

In this research, cadmium (Cd) concentration in the muscle, liver, and gill tissues of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), sediment, and water of ponds along the Karoun river was investigated in three regions including north (Shushtar), center (Ahwaz) and south (Khorramshahr) of Khuzestan province in autumn 2010. The highest and lowest concentrations of Cd in muscle tissues were 0.18 mg Cd kg-1 dry matter (Shushtar), and 0.06 mg Cd kg-1 dry matter (Khoramshahr) respectively. The results showed that Cd concentration was more than EU (2005) limit value (0.05 mg Cd kg-1 dry weight). Cadmium concentrations in sediment and water had significant differences (p<0.05). The highest and lowest Cd concentrations in the sediment of Khoramshahr and Shushtar were 3.85 and 1.9 mg Cd kg-1  dry weight, respectively while in water they were 1.84  mg 1-1 in Shushtar, and 0.85 mg r-1 in Khoramshahr respectively. The concentration of Cd in common carp organs were as follow: liver> gill> muscle. Therefore, the concentration and the load of Cd pollution in sediment is increased from Shushtar to Khoramshahr regions.

Some of the important factors such as temperature, ions and osmolarity have important role on the quality of the melt especially motility. Some of the factors such as spermatocrite, concentration and chemical composition were evaluated for examination of common carp melt. The aim of the present study was evaluation of physical and biochemical characteristics of common carp melt of Khuzestan province in Winter season. Melt was collected from 20 adult fishes. Physical and biochemical examinations were performed. The mean volume of melt was 6.6±3.51 ml, spermatocrite was 46.25±12.38 %, total sperm was 11.75±70×1010 and viability was 46.54±18.32 min. the mean total protein was 0.29±0.35, albumin was 0.03±0.02 g/dl, cholestrol was 9.95±8.31 mg/dl, Calcium was 3.82±1.32, Phosphorus was 1.95±0.92, Magnesium was 3.59±1.31 mg/dl, Chloride was 117.55±15.71, Sodium was 73.33±14.15 and Potassium was 27.45±2.51 mmol/l. Based on the results, the positive correlations were observed between weight of fishes with volume and total sperm, volume of melt with total sperm and Sodium, spermatocrit with sperm density, total protein, albumin, cholestrol, P and Na, albumin with cholestrol, P and Cl, Cholestrol with P and Cl, and P with Cl.